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It is typically stored on an EEPROM or a NOR flash memory (a type of persistent flash memory) part of the computer hardware. The first program that runs when a computer starts up is the bootloader, which loads the operating system. The adventured ended slightly in a different way, but, spoiler alert, we did manage to decrypt the kernel image. The main goal was to reverse the custom crypto function, retrieve the encryption key, and decrypt the kernel image.
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Why? Well, we have to admit we struggled a bit to collect the information to build the basic knowledge about this topic and the material we found was often not comprehensive enough, or many aspects were taken for granted.įor this reason, we share here what we learned from multiple sources and try to collect them in these posts, while also trying to give some context and analyze the more complex or cryptic aspects. In this two posts series, we will share an analysis of some aspects of reversing a low-level binary. The goal is to share our experience and, why not, perhaps save you some precious hours and headaches. This blog post is not intended to be a “101” ARM firmware reverse-engineering tutorial or a guide to attacking a specific IoT device. Reversing embedded device bootloader (U-Boot) - p.1